The museum houses one of the largest collections of paintings and sculpture from Latin America and is the largest in the Caribbean region. Paris, Bujumbura, Pierre, and Nuuk all have something in common: they are all capital cities. The furniture comes from Stéphane Boudin, Jean Henri Riesener and several others. But light manufacturing facilities, meat-packing plants, and chemical and pharmaceutical operations are concentrated in Havana. Havana's theaters featured the most distinguished actors of the age, and prosperity among the burgeoning middle-class led to expensive new classical mansions being erected. Castillo de la Real Fuerza, at the entrance to the harbour of Havana. This sits at the entrance of Havana Bay and provides an insight into the supremacy and wealth at that time. [63] Under the Cuban Ministry of Culture, it occupies two locations in the vicinity of Havana's Paseo del Prado, these are the Palace of Fine Arts, devoted to Cuban art and the Palace of the Asturian Center, dedicated to universal art. The Jewish community in Havana has reduced after the Revolution from once having embraced more than 15,000 Jews,[90] many of whom had fled Nazi persecution and subsequently left Cuba to Miami or moved to Israel after Castro took to power in 1959. Rum Rum is a new palate that lives up to its name. Old Havana, (La Habana Vieja in Spanish), contains the core of the original city of Havana, with more than 2,000 hectares it exhibits almost all the Western architectural styles seen in the New World. Shanty towns are scattered throughout the city except for in a few central areas. There is a population of several thousand North African teen and pre-teen refugees.[89]. According to Instituto Nacional de Vivienda (National Housing Institute) official figures, in 2001, 64% of Havana's 586,768 units were considered in "good" condition, up from 50% in 1990. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay. In the 17th century, it was one of the main shipbuilding centers. Chapter One. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guasabacoa, and Atarés. La Habana es la capital de Cuba y la ciudad más grande de la nación isleña. Electricity is supplied by generators that are fueled with oil. Construction began on what was to become the Fortress of San Carlos de la Cabaña, the third biggest Spanish fortification in the New World after Castillo San Cristóbal (the biggest) and Castillo San Felipe del Morro both in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Havana operated a tram system until 1952, which began as a horsecar system, Ferro Carril Urbano de la Habana in 1858,[102] merged with rival coach operator in 1863 as Empresa del Ferro-Carril Urbano y Omnibus de La Habana and later electrified in 1900 under new foreign owners as Havana Electric Railway Company. In total, Havana has around 50 museums, including the National Museum of Music; the Museum of Dance and Rum; the Cigar Museum; the Napoleonic, Colonial and Oricha Museums; the Museum of Anthropology; the Ernest Hemingway Museum; the José Martí Monument; the Aircraft Museum (Museo del Aire). Corrections? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Young boys and girls walking by the wall of El Malecon in the Cuban capital, Havana. The studies of geology and finance made by Cuban, Czech and Soviet specialists were already well advanced in the 1980s. For other uses, see, "Havanese" redirects here. [74], Havana's economy is still in flux, despite Raul Castro's embrace of free enterprise in 2011. The FOCSA Building was finished in 1956. They are nominated directly by citizens in open meetings within each election district. A noteworthy elevation is the 200-foot- (60-metre-) high limestone ridge that slopes up from the east and culminates in the heights of La Cabaña and El Morro, the sites of colonial fortifications overlooking the bay. Roman Catholics form the largest religious group in Havana. Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg, As Cuba's national capital and seat of government, Havana hosts 88 embassies (including the papal apostolic nunciature, traditionally manned by a titular archbishop). Most slum units are concentrated in the inner-city municipalities of Old Havana and Centro Habana, as well as such neighbourhoods as Atarés in Regla. The peak of Neoclassicism came with the construction of the Vedado district (begun in 1859). The treaty gave Britain Florida in exchange for the return of the city of Havana on to Spain.[25]. Another restoration project was centred on the old Spanish fortifications that dominate Havana’s harbour and, for a time in the 17th and 18th centuries, made Havana the most-fortified city in Spanish America. Other museums in the city include Casa de los Árabes (House of Arabs) and the Casa de Asia (House of Asia) with Middle and Far Eastern collections. Natives were taken prisoner and forced to do the panning. [60] After completing 8-year contracts, many Chinese immigrants settled permanently in Havana. [2] It was designed by the architect Ricardo Mira in 1929 who in 1941 would also design La Moderna Poesia bookstore on Obispo Street for the same owner. The city's public buses is carried out by the Empresa Provincial de Transporte de La Habana (EPTH). [52] Old Havana and its fortifications were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982. 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