By the time the Allied bombers and PT boats finished their work on 3 March, Kimura had lost all eight transports and four of his eight destroyers. Thousands perished from starvation and disease; the commanding general, Horii, was drowned. Encyclopedia.com. [17], After this failure, the Japanese decided on a longer term, two-pronged assault for their next attempt on Port Moresby. Papua New Guinea to start Covid-19 campaign with jabs from Australia. Forward positions would first be established at Milne Bay, located in the forked eastern end of the Papuan peninsula, and at Buna, a village on the northeast coast of Papua about halfway between Huon Gulf and Milne Bay. Salamaua-Lae campaign (1943) 1. "Within a few days, the enemy was retreating from the Wau Valley, where he had suffered a serious defeat, harassed all the way back to Mubo..."[37] About one week later, the Japanese completed their evacuation of Guadalcanal. Allied Advance Across Owen Stanley Range 1942.jpg 1,281 × 1,143; 1.02 MB. [28], – Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 38. World War II (1939–45): Causes The e…, Guadalcanal, Battle of Also, Yamamoto accepted at face value his fliers' over-optimistic reports of damage: they reported a score of one cruiser, two destroyers and 25 transports, as well as 175 Allied planes, a figure that should certainly have aroused some skepticism. Japanese makeshift bridges were attacked by P-40s with 500 lb (230 kg) bombs. During the initial phase in early 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded the Australian-administered Mandated Territory of New Guinea (23 January) and the Australian Territory of Papua (21 July) and overran western New Guinea (beginning 29/30 March), which was a part of the Netherlands East Indies. Samuel Eliot Morison , History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. [6], The struggle for New Guinea began with the capture by the Japanese of the city of Rabaul at the northeastern tip of New Britain Island in January 1942 (the Allies responded with multiple bombing raids, of which the Action off Bougainville was one). Stephen R. Taaffe , MacArthur's Jungle War: The 1944 New Guinea Campaign, 1998. [20], Since Port Moresby was the only port supporting operations in Papua, its defence was critical to the campaign. Then began the grueling Kokoda Track campaign, a brutal experience for both the Japanese and Australian troops involved. The Oxford Companion to American Military History. New guinea campaign ww2 historical, Lae. Mar 25, 2021 8:14 AM . Their operation plan decreed a five-pronged attack: one task force to establish a seaplane base at Tulagi in the lower Solomons, one to establish a seaplane base in the Louisiade Archipelago off the eastern tip of New Guinea, one of transports to land troops near Port Moresby, one with a light carrier to cover the landing, and one with two fleet carriers to sink the Allied forces sent in response. It was a slow, grinding campaign that acted as a magnet, drawing in Japanese troops from nearby Lae. In June 1944 it was the most heavily fortified Japane…, World War II, U.S. South West Pacific theatre of World War II, Statistical and Accounting Branch Office of the Adjutant General 1953, p. 94, Craven & Cate 1948, p. 477 & 723 (note 15), Office of the Combined Chiefs of Staff 1943, p. 67, New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II, "Biography of Lieutenant-General Heisuke Abe – (阿部平輔) – (あべ へいすけ) (1886–1943), Japan", United States Army Center of Military History, The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942–1944, "Report on Historical Sources on Australia and Japan at war in Papua and New Guinea, 1942–45", "The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific, Volume I", "Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II – Part I", National Archive Video of Hollandia Bay, New Guinea Invasion, Allies Study Post-War Security etc. In the New Guinea campaign the primary difficulties of the Allies would seem to have been in the logistic rather than in the military field. [47], I-Go demonstrated that the Japanese command was not learning the lessons of air power that the Allies were. Action off Bougainville (1942) 4. FREE WEST PAPUA - New Guinea Campaign a 7 181 membres. This attack resulted in the first American action on that mountainous and jungle‐covered island. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Nevertheless, the New Guinea campaign began in summer 1942 when Japan attempted to isolate Australia through an overland attack from Buna to Port Moresby. (1944), Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Guinea_campaign&oldid=1013497228, Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea, Battles and operations of World War II involving the United States, Campaigns, operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom, Battles and operations of World War II involving Australia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 127,600 (mostly from disease and starvation). NEW GUINEA CAMPAIGN DATE: January 1942 – August 1945 Belligerents Imperial Japan Australia New Guinea United States United Kingdom Netherlands The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. [11] For the same reasons, General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander Allied Forces South West Pacific Area was determined to hold it. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In addition, about 5,400 survivors of the Japanese defeat at Buna-Gona were moved into the Lae-Salamaua area. 2021 . The campaign formed the initial part of an offensive that the Allies launched in the Pacific in late 1943 and resulted in the Japanese being pushed north from Lae to Sioon the northern coast of New Guinea over the course of a four-month period. Furthermore, the Milne Bay affair demonstrated once again that an amphibious assault without air protection, and with an assault force inferior to that of the defenders, could not succeed. The campaign on New Guinea is all but forgotten except by those who served there. WhatsApp. Rabaul overlooks Simpson Harbor, a considerable natural anchorage, and was ideal for the construction of airfields. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. [citation needed]. It was one of the longest campaigns of the Second World War. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. By 22 August, about 8,500 Australians and 1,300 Americans were on site. The New Guinea campaign spanned several years and thousands of miles; to even attempt to summarise such a huge campaign into a book of this size is to accept that it cannot do justice to those who fought in it. [16] In the resulting 4–8 May 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea, the Allies suffered higher losses in ships, but achieved a crucial strategic victory by turning the Japanese landing force back, thereby removing the threat to Port Moresby, at least for the time being. Due to USAAF doctrine and a lack of long-range escorts, long-range bomber raids on targets like Rabaul went in unescorted and suffered heavy losses, prompting severe criticism of Lieutenant General George Brett by war correspondents for misusing his forces. The Battle of Buna–Gona was part of the New Guinea campaign in the Pacific Theatre during World War II.It followed the conclusion of the Kokoda Track campaign and lasted from 16 November 1942 until 22 January 1943. "New Guinea Campaign Their goal was the take the airbase there, and use it to provide air support for the campaign. Barbey's VII 'Phib carried out two almost simultaneous undertakings. On 26 th August, coinciding with the attack at Isurava, the Japanese landed at Milne Bay on the southern tip of New Guinea. Share. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The gunners got a lot of practice; Port Moresby suffered its 78th raid on 17 August 1942. [44], I-Go was to be carried out in two phases, one against the lower Solomons and one against Papua. The New Guinea campaign was one of the hardest-fought of World War II. Campagne de Nouvelle-Guinée - New Guinea campaign Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre Campagnes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale menées par le Japon pour conquérir la Nouvelle-Guinée et par les Alliés pour la reprendre A force of 800 Australian troops landed on 22 October on either side of the Japanese position. [34], Wau is a village in the interior of the Papuan peninsula, approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of Salamaua. MacArthur was now determined to liberate the island as a stepping-stone to the reconquest of the Philippines. Linkedin. MacArthur was further determined to conquer all of New Guinea in his progress toward the eventual recapture of the Philippines. [43], The remaining destroyers with about 2,700 surviving troops limped back to Rabaul. Guadalcanal, Battle of (1942–43).The Guadalcanal campaign, unexcelled for sustained violence on land, sea, and in the air in W…, Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright ." The Japanese at Rabaul and other bases on New Britain would have easily overwhelmed any such effort (by mid-September, MacArthur's entire naval force under Vice Admiral Arthur S. Carpender consisted of 5 cruisers, 8 destroyers, 20 submarines, and 7 small craft). This entry was posted in . © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. [21], Although RAAF PBY Catalinas and Lockheed Hudsons were based at Port Moresby, because of the Japanese air attacks, long-range bombers like B-17s, B-25s, and B-26s could not be safely based there and were instead staged through from bases in Australia. August 9, 2020. Post navigation. In addition, their bomb bays were filled with 500-pound bombs to be used in the newly devised practice of skip bombing. Two major moves were planned for the end of June: Eventually, the Joint Chiefs of Staff realized that a landing and siege of "Fortress Rabaul" would be far too costly, and that the Allies' ultimate strategic purposes could be achieved by simply neutralizing and bypassing it. Our voices will be heard from all over the world that the New Guinea Island is mourning heavy blood sheds. 1. Robert Ross Smith , The Approach to the Philippines, 1953. 153 relations. During the second phase, lasting from late 1942 until the Japanese surrender, the Allies—consisting primarily of Australian forces—cleared the Japanese first from Papua, then the Mandate and finally from the Dutch colony. New Guinea, 1,500 miles long, is the second largest island in the world, located immediately north of the Australian continent. [38], General Imamura and his naval counterpart at Rabaul, Admiral Jinichi Kusaka, commander Southeast Area Fleet, resolved to reinforce their ground forces at Lae for one final all-out attempt against Wau. Instances were noted of officers completely out of their depth, of men eating meals when they should have been on the firing line, even of cowardice. Gona fell to the Australians on 9 December 1942, Buna to the US 32nd on 2 January 1943, and Sanananda, located between the two larger villages, fell to the Australians on 22 January. 3 Apr. At Sanananda the swamp and jungle were typhus-ridden ... crawling roots reached out into stagnant pools infested with mosquitoes and numerous crawling insects ... every foxhole filled with water. I want you to take Buna, or not come back alive. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/new-guinea-campaign, "New Guinea Campaign [5], According to John Laffin, the campaign "was arguably the most arduous fought by any Allied troops during World War II". Taking the airfield at Wau was a crucial step in this process, and to this end, the 51st Division was transferred from Indochina and placed under General Hitoshi Imamura's Eighth Area Army at Rabaul; one regiment arrived at Lae in early January 1943. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). 1943 World War II Japanese Aeronautical Map of New Guinea - Geographicus - NewGuinea14-wwii-1943.jpg 5,000 × 3,407; 4.71 MB. Edward J. Drea , MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War Against Japan, 1942–1945, 1992. "[43], Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto promised the emperor that he would pay back the Allies for the disaster at the Bismarck Sea with a series of massive air strikes. American and Australian forces relied on native New Guineans to achieve victory. [45], – Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 120, The first strike, on 7 April, was against Allied shipping in the waters between Guadalcanal and Tulagi. Contents: , , , Notes, References, Further reading. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Thompson sub machine-guns jammed with the gritty mud and were unreliable in the humid atmosphere ... ", "Also formidable was the tenacity of the enemy, who would fight to the death in these stinking holes, starving, diseased and with their dead rotting and unburied beside them. Twitter. [citation needed], Three factors conspired to create disaster for the Japanese. Battles with names like Tarawa, Saipan, and Iwo Jima overshadow it. ", " 'The Boeing [B-25] is most terrifying,' wrote one survivor in his diary. 'We are repeating the failure of Guadalcanal. I.J.N. During the second phase, lasting from late 1942 until the Japanese surrender, the Allies—consisting primarily of Au… [21] Japanese bombers were often escorted by fighters which came in at 30,000 ft (9,100 m)—too high to be intercepted by the P-39s and P-40s—giving the Japanese an altitude advantage in air combat. New Guinea Campaign: Allied Air Operations Lae-Salamaua - Restored 1943. During the initial phase in early 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded the Australian … The New Guinea Campaign which was primarily conducted by offensive actions has multiple examples of assaults, attacks, and raids that obviously demonstrate the offensive principle of joint operations. [39] It is indicative of the extent to which Japanese ambitions had fallen at this point in the war that a 50% loss of ground troops aboard ship was considered acceptable. According to Morison, the Japanese "...never again risked a transport larger than a small coaster or barge in waters shadowed by American planes. [24] A gradual improvement in their numbers and skill forced the Japanese bombers up to higher altitude, where they were less accurate, and then, in August, to raiding by night. Most Japanese troops never even came into contact with Allied forces, and were instead simply cut off and subjected to an effective blockade by Allied naval forces. Retrouvez New Guinea: The Allied Jungle Campaign in World War II et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. At the Quebec Conference in August 1943, the leaders of the Allied nations agreed to this change in strategy focusing on neutralizing Rabaul rather than capturing it. However, the date of retrieval is often important. If the transports succeeded in staying behind a weather front and were protected the whole way by fighters from the various airfields surrounding the Bismarck Sea, they might make it to Lae with an acceptable level of loss, i.e., at worst half the task force would be sunk en route. This airfield was of great value to the Australians during the fighting for northeast Papua. Naval Operations in: The Pacific. Battle of Milne Bay (1942) 9. Actual Allied losses amounted to one destroyer, one oiler, one corvette, two cargo ships and approximately 25 aircraft. The Western New Guinea campaign was a series of actions in the New Guinea campaign of World War II. Operation Mo (1942) 6. At 177 planes, this was the largest Japanese air attack since Pearl Harbor. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. Operation SR (1942) 5. Simultaneous operations from these two locations, one amphibious and one overland, would converge on the target city. ." . The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Lae had been an administrative centre for Australia’s Mandated Territory of New Guinea and subsequently became a major Japanese base after its capture in March 1942. New Guinea campaign January 1942 – August 1945. [25] But fighters did provide cover for the transports, and for bombers when their targets were within range. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. files). Action Reports: Commander Seventh Fleet and Commander Seventh Amphibious Force. [42], – Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 60, ...planes and PTs went about the sickening business of killing survivors in boats, rafts or wreckage. For the Australians, a significant advantage was gained through the technological edge that Allied industry had achieved over … Historian Samuel Eliot Morison summed up the results this way: ...the enemy had shot his bolt; he never showed up again in these waters. Tanks; Invasion of Normandy 1944; Germany. [9], The Japanese 8th Area Army (equivalent to an Anglo-American army), under General Hitoshi Imamura at Rabaul, was responsible for both the New Guinea and Solomon Islands campaigns. 102–103, The Japanese drive to conquer all of New Guinea had been decisively stopped. Before June, between 20 and 25 P-39s had been lost in air combat, while three more had been destroyed on the ground and eight had been destroyed in landings by accident. For the white Australian and American (and some African American) troops who fought there, New Guinea was one of the most horrific battlegrounds of World War II. New Guinea campaign Wikipedia+ article with 206 related articles, pictures, and YouTube videos. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. On 17 September, the Japanese had reached the village of Ioribaiwa, just 30 kilometres (20 mi) from the Allied airdrome at Port Moresby. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Facebook. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The PTs turned their guns on, and hurled depth charges at the three boats which, with over a hundred men on board, sank. [citation needed]Before the war, the island of New Guinea was split between:. Kevin C. Holzimmer , Walter Krueger, Douglas MacArthur, and the Pacific War: The Wakde‐Sarmi Campaign as a Case Study, Journal of Military History, 59 (October 1995), pp. Staff Writers. The Japanese suffered their first defeat on land in New Guinea. The Battle for Milne Bay was a small one as World War II engagements went, but very important. [31], – John Vader, New Guinea: The Tide Is Stemmed, pp. [33], Operation Lilliput (18 December 1942 – June 1943) was an ongoing resupply operation ferrying troops and supplies from Milne Bay, at the tip of the Papuan Peninsula, to Oro Bay, a little more than halfway between Milne Bay and the Buna–Gona area. Significantly, this principle also includes defensive actions, with the caveat that it must serve a temporary purpose to initiate offensive operations at a later time. Recovering all history for ww2 during New Guinean campaign Their noses had been refitted with eight 50-caliber machine guns for strafing slow-moving ships on the high seas. Battle of the Bismarck Sea (1943) 12. Capturing it would both neutralize the Allies' principal forward base and serve as a springboard for a possible invasion of Australia. To demonstrate the seriousness of the effort to the Supreme War Council, multiple shifts of high-ranking personnel were also effected: Both Yamamoto and Ozawa moved their headquarters to Rabaul; and Eighth Fleet commander Vice Admiral Gunichi Mikawa as well as General Imamura's chief of staff were sent to Tokyo with advice and explanations for the respective General Staffs (Admiral Tomoshige Samejima replaced Mikawa as Eight Fleet commander). The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Battle of Lababia Ridge 5. "New Guinea Campaign Bombing of Rabaul (1942) 3. Share. Encyclopedia.com. As in most Pacific War campaigns, disease and starvation claimed more Japanese lives than enemy action. First Battle of Mubo 3. The weather changed direction and Kimura's slow-moving task force was spotted by an Allied scout plane. (April 3, 2021). [10], The colonial capital of Port Moresby on the south coast of Papua was the strategic key for the Japanese in this area of operations. [18], – Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 34, Buna was easily taken as the Allies had no military presence there (MacArthur wisely chose not to attempt an occupation by paratroopers since any such force would have been easily wiped out by the Japanese). English: The New Guinea campaign (1942-1945) — one of the major military campaigns of the Pacific War in World War II. 551 likes. Most regrettable!!' Telegram. While it was beyond MacArthur's capabilities to deny Buna to the Japanese, the same could not be said of Milne Bay, which was easily accessible by Allied naval forces. First, they had woefully underestimated the strength of the Allied air forces. [41] Through the afternoon of 1 March, the overcast weather held at which point everything began to go wrong for the Japanese. The following month at least 20 fighters were lost in combat, while eight were destroyed in July. In describing his preparations for the Western New Guinea campaign, General Douglas MacArthur wrote in his memoirs that: "[t]he Hollandia Invasion initiated a marked change in the tempo of my advance westward. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Noté /5. First Battle of Bobdubi 4. New Guinea Campaign After the Japanese invasion of New Guinea the Americans, aided by Australian troops, organized a series of landings and other offensive actions against the Japanese in New Guinea. The umbrella term for the series of strategic actions taken by the Allies to reduce and capture the vast Japanese naval and air facilities at Rabaul was Operation Cartwheel. . [35], Once the Japanese had decided to give up on Guadalcanal, the capture of Port Moresby loomed even larger in their strategic thinking. [12] General Headquarters Southwest Pacific Area Operational Instruction No.7 of 25 May 1942, issued by Commander-Allied-Forces, General Douglas MacArthur, placed all Australian and US Army, Air Force and Navy Forces in the Port Moresby Area under the control of New Guinea Force. This resulted in considerable fatigue for the air crews. Canberra is worried an 'uncontrolled' outbreak would affect not only PNG but the wider region. It was a grisly task, but a military necessity since Japanese soldiers do not surrender and within swimming distance of shore, they could not be allowed to land and join the Lae garrison. The campaign resulted in a crushing defeat and heavy losses for the Empire of Japan. Landing at Nassau Bay 2. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. [22] The cost to the Allied fighters was high. 661–85. Yamamoto Isoroku (1884-1943) was Commander-in-chief of combined Japanese fleet, who was Japan's greatest naval strategist in World W…, SAIPAN is the northernmost of the southern Mariana Islands and lies 1,270 miles south of Tokyo. Incidence of malaria was almost one hundred per cent. Beleaguered, the survivors of the Japanese garrison were evacuated by submarine on the night of 26 October. For much of 1943, the ground war in New Guinea was fought in the rugged terrain around Wau and Salamaua. "[32], – John Vader, New Guinea: The Tide Is Stemmed, p. 93, The Australian 7th Division under the command of Major General George Alan Vasey, along with the revitalized US 32nd Division, restarted the Allied offensive. Most important of all, the bombers of MacArthur's air forces, under the command of Lieutenant General George C. Kenney, had been modified to enable new offensive tactics. Noté /5. [30], The D'Entrecasteaux Islands lie directly off the northeast coast of the lower portion of the Papuan peninsula. The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. The campaign was long and arduous, but by the end of 1944 the Japanese threat was contained in New Guinea. Battle of the Coral Sea (1942) 7. An airfield had been built there during an area gold rush in the 1920s and 1930s. Dear fellow New Guineans, this group has been created purposely to express our feelings and opinions on the blood sheds of our brothers we are now seeing on the surface of the New Guinea Island. ", Combined Fleet, Third Fleet and Southeast Area Commanders, "At 1400 the Russell Island radar screen became milky with traces of bogeys and Guadalcanal broadcast "Condition Red," followed shortly by an unprecedented "Condition. According to Morison, "...the Japanese retreat down the Kokoda Trail had turned into a rout. The Japanese 18th Army (equivalent to a Anglo-American corps), under Lieutenant General Hatazō Adachi, was responsible for Japanese operations on mainland New Guinea. The air defences consisted of P-39 and P-40 fighters. Battle for New Guinea | 1942-1945 | Australian & American Soldiers in Action | WW2 Documentary Film - YouTube. The Japanese entered Lae and Salamaua, two locations on Huon Gulf, on 8 March 1942 unopposed. For this, he ordered the air arm of Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Third Fleet carriers to reinforce the Eleventh Air Fleet at Rabaul. Garrisons were effectively besieged and denied shipments of food and medical supplies, and as a result, some claim that 97% of Japanese deaths in this campaign were from non-combat causes. The New Guinea campaign (January 1942-September 1945) was one of the longest campaigns of the Second World War. Retrouvez Macarthur's Jungle War: The 1944 New Guinea Campaign et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. 8. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan, MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War Against Japan, 1942–1945, MacArthur's Jungle War: The 1944 New Guinea Campaign, The Oxford Companion to American Military History. [13], Due north of Port Moresby, on the northeast coast of Papua, are the Huon Gulf and the Huon Peninsula. [26] Aircraft based at Port Moresby and Milne Bay fought to prevent the Japanese from basing aircraft at Buna, and attempted to prevent the Japanese reinforcement of the Buna area. The Allied reduction of Rabaul was only made possible by relentless air strikes that took place day after day, but Yamamoto thought the damage inflicted by a few attacks of large formations would derail Allied plans long enough for Japan to prepare a defense in depth. [29] The Japanese arrived and the 25 August – 7 September Battle of Milne Bay was underway. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. ." Opposing these forces were the Australian 2/5th, 2/6th and 2/7th Battalions along with Lieutenant Colonel Norman Fleay's Kanga Force. Some claim that 97% of Japanese deaths were from non-combat causes. Site statistics: photos of World War 2 : over 29900 aircraft models: 174 tank models: 95 vehicle models: 91 gun models: 5 units: 2 ships: 47. The Japanese garrison were evacuated by submarine on the target city | WW2 Documentary Film - YouTube jabs from.. Built there during an area gold rush in the rugged terrain around Wau and Salamaua, two cargo and., Further reading in early 1942, the survivors of the War in August.., Eagle against the Sun: the Tide is Stemmed, pp 25 August – 7 September Battle of Japanese... 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