Born in 1824, he was the son of Samuel Crumpler, a slave of Benjamin Crumpler. "[33] About marriage, she said the secret to a successful marriage "is to continue in the careful routine of the courting days, till it becomes well understood between the two". The Rebecca Lee Society, one of the first medical societies for African-American women, is named in her honor. WGBH.org. At Syracuse University there is a pre-health club named "The Rebecca Lee Pre-Health Society". [2] Married to Wyatt Lee at that time, she was identified as Mrs. Rebecca Lee by the school,[7][10] where she was the only African American graduate. "Female Medical College of 100 Years Ago Had Two Professors and Not Even a Skeleton", "Trailblazing BU Alum Gets a Gravestone 130 Years after Her Death", "Celebrating Rebecca Lee Crumpler, first African-American woman physician", "Rebecca Lee Crumpler becomes First Black Woman to Receive M.D. WHEREAS, with recommendations by physicians with whom she had worked, Dr. Crumpler was … Dr. Crumpler continued to practice after returning to Boston in the late 1860s. Crumpler graduated from medical college at a time when very few African Americans were allowed to attend medical college or publish books. The school was the first in the country to train women M.D.s. ", Massachusetts, Birth Records, 1840-1915, [Lizzie Sinclair [18] Specifically in the first chapter, Crumpler gave non-medical advice concerning her thoughts on what age and how a woman should enter into marriage. [12] At the Freedmen's Bureau she worked under the assistant commissioner, Orlando Brown. [6] She was inspired by her aunt after seeing that she was the one to go to when people got sick. Her aunt spent a great deal of time caring for the sick in her community. Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler: Doctress of Medicine (Women Leaders in Medicine Series) Paperback – Large Print, January 23, 2020 by Sheryl Recinos (Author) 5.0 out of 5 stars 6 ratings. A true pioneer, she battled deep-seated prejudice against women and African Americans in medicine. There are no surviving pictures of her, and much of the information about her … 3. [28] They had a home at 20 Garden Street in Boston. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first black physician in the United States. [31], Crumpler spoke at a service for Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner upon his death in 1874. Boston African American community prior to the Civil War. Black charitable organizations and white missionary organizations provided funding for the first black medical schools. After working as a nurse, she was admitted to the New England Female Medical College in 1864. She was also one of the first African Americans to write a medical book. They ended up passing her. He is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Boston. She later moved back to Boston to continue to treat women and children. Her Joy Street house is a stop on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. degree, a distinction formerly credited to Rebecca Cole. Brandeis University, 2002. Born Rebecca Davis in Delaware in 1831, Crumpler was raised by an aunt in Pennsylvania who often helped care for sick neighbors. behind her name stood for "Mule Driver". The book has two parts that cover the prevention and cure of infantile bowel complaints, and the life and growth of human beings. In 1831, Crumpler, was born in Christiana, Delaware to Matilda Webber and Absolum Davis. Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first African-American woman to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree in the U.S. After her groundbreaking career choice, Crumpler went on to make some very important contributions to medicine. The NEFMC initially trained women to work only as midwives. [15] Her main desire in presenting this book was to emphasize the "possibilities of prevention". Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, 199-200. This item: A Book of Medical Discourses: In Two Parts (Classic Reprint) by Rebecca Crumpler Paperback $20.72 Ships from and sold by Forgotten_Books. Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first Black woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. Crumpler worked for the Freedmen's Bureau to provide medical care for freed slaves. Today we celebrate the 190th birthday of Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler and her achievement as the first Black female Doctor in the United States. Herwick, Edgar B. [24] This tragedy may have motivated Rebecca to begin her study of nursing for the next eight years. Crumpler, Rebecca Lee. Boston Globe, July 18, 2020, p. B1. Most medical schools barred Black students regardless of gender. Rebecca Lee Crumpler graduated from the New England Female Medical College with medical degree in 1864, making her the first African-American woman to earn an MD in the United States. Dr. Crumpler graduated from New England Female Medical College in 1864, becoming the first female African American doctor. He served with the Union Army at Fort Monroe, Virginia as a blacksmith, based upon his training and experience. Dissertation. Dr. Crumpler attended New England Female Medical College, which became the BU School of Medicine. However, Crumpler stated that most nurses did not agree with this and tended to forget that for every ailment, there was a cause and it was within their power to remove it. https://www.wgbh.org/news/2016/11/04/how-we-live/doctresses-medicine-worlds-1st-female-medical-school-was-established-boston. See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. “The ‘Doctresses of Medicine’: The World’s 1st Female Medical School Was Established in Boston,” November 4, 2016. Due to her talent, Crumpler was given a recommendation to attend the school by her supervising physician when she was a medical apprentice. [19] Crumpler describes the progression of experiences that led her to study and practice medicine in her book: It may be well to state here that, having been reared by a kind aunt in Pennsylvania, whose usefulness with the sick was continually sought, I early conceived a liking for, and sought every opportunity to relieve the sufferings of others. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. They offer mentors, workshops, and resources to help members succeed. Rebecca Lee Crumpler is widely considered by historians as the first African-American woman to become a physician in the states. Public domain, courtesy U.S. National Library of Medicine. If you can improve it further, please do so. Crumpler worked for the Freedmen's Bureau to provide medical care to freed slaves who were denied care by white physicians. She completed medical school at the New England Female Medical College and received her M.D. It chronicles her experiences as a doctor and provides guidance on maternal and child health. Rebecca Lee Crumpler, née Davis, was an American physician and author. None of them were African Americans making Rebecca Lee Crumpler the first and only African American physician in her class. If it no longer meets … Crumpler, Rebecca Davis Lee (08 February 1831–09 March 1895), physician, was born in Delaware, the daughter of Absolum Davis and Matilda Webber. Brian MacQuarrie, "Gravestone Dedicated to the First Black Female Medical Doctor in the US." [23] A year later Wyatt’s son, Albert, died at age 7. This school was founded in 1848 by Samuel Gregory. Crumpler first practiced medicine in Boston, primarily serving poor women and children. In addition to her general knowledge as a physician, Crumpler focused on healing women and children. She was the country's first African-American woman to become a formally-trained physician. Arthur lived on the neighboring estate of a large landowner, Robert Adams, with his mother and siblings. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.” Changing the Face of Medicine. Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first Black woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. The headstones of Rebecca Lee Crumpler (MED 1864), the first Black woman to graduate from a medical college in the United States, and her husband, Arthur Crumpler, a former slave, are at the Fairview Cemetery in Hyde Park, Mass. Rebecca Lee Crumpler has been listed as one of the History good articles under the good article criteria. After the American Civil War ended in 1865, she moved to Richmond, Virginia, believing treating women and children was an ideal way to perform missionary work. Crumpler moved to 67 Joy Street in Boston,[13] a predominantly African-American community street in Beacon Hill. Rebecca Davis Lee Crumpler, MD was the first African-American woman to earn the Doctor of Medicine degree in the United States. [36], The Rebecca Lee Society, one of the first medical societies for African-American women, was named in her honor. This focus reflected its founder Samuel Gregory’s belief that it was improper for male doctors to assist with childbirth. [1][e], Crumpler first practiced medicine in Boston. She is best remembered as the first African-American woman physician in the United States. Rebecca Lee Crumpler, born Rebecca Davis, (February 8, 1831 – March 9, 1895), was an American physician, nurse and author.After studying at the New England Female Medical College, in 1864 she became the first African-American woman to become a doctor of medicine in the United States. [1] Her house is on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. Wikimedia Commons When Rebecca Lee Crumpler enrolled in the New England Female Medical College in 1860, she was the school’s first Black medical student. [30], The couple were active members of the Twelfth Baptist Church where Arthur was a trustee. She read a poem that she had written for him, where "she touchingly alluded to his love for the gifted Emerson". Crumpler earned a place at the New England Female Medical College (NEFMC) in 1860. Marriage Intentions, 1849-1858; Vol. Those early experiences made her want to work to “relieve the suffering of others.” In the early 1850s she moved to Massachusetts and became a nurse. Because of this, many male physicians did not respect Rebecca Lee Crumpler, and would not approve her prescriptions for patients or listen to her medical opinions. “Crumpler, Rebecca.” In African American Lives, ed. A true pioneer, she battled deep-seated prejudice against women and African Americans in medicine. On March 1, 1864, the board of trustees named her a Doctor of Medicine. But by the time Crumpler attended, the curriculum had expanded to encompass a more complete medical education. At the time, many men argued that women were too delicate or not intelligent enough to be doctors. Later in life I devoted my time, when best I could, to nursing as a business, serving under different doctors for a period of eight years; most of the time at my adopted home in Charlestown, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Born Rebecca Davis in Delaware on February 8, 1831, she grew up in Pennsylvania, where her aunt provided care for the ill and exposed her to the field of medicine. The degree was awarded by the New England Female Medical College, a pioneering institution that a decade later merged with Boston University and formed the core of Boston University’s School of Medicine (BUSM). WHEREAS, Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was born in Delaware on February 8, 1831, to Absolum Davis and Matilda Webber and raised by her aunt, who provided care to the sick; and. The enormous needs of these patients, and the discrimination they faced from many white doctors, encouraged an increasing number of African Americans to seek medical training. [5][6] She was raised in Pennsylvania by her aunt who cared for ill townspeople. Crumpler was one of the first female physician authors in the nineteenth century. Her official degree was “Doctress of Medicine.” She began practicing in Boston, but at the end of the Civil War found herself drawn to Richmond, Virginia as a “proper field for real missionary work.” She collaborated with the Freedmen’s Bureau and other charity and missionary groups to care for freed African Americans. [38] Rebecca Lee Crumpler and her husband Arthur Crumpler also received new granite headstones to celebrate her achievement of being a pioneer physician who earned her medical degree in Boston. [28][29] On July 16, 2020, a ceremony was held at the Fairview Cemetery to dedicate a gravestone in memory of Rebecca Lee Crumpler and her husband Arthur. After studying at the New England Female Medical College, in 1864 she became the first African-American woman to become a doctor of medicine in the United States. [4] Donations were collected through a fundraiser to create gravestones for the couple and a ceremony was held at Fairview Cemetery, as a gravestone finally was installed, marking where she and her husband are buried. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was born in 1833 in Richmond, Virginia. • Wrote Book of Medical Discourses about … [28], Although no photographs or other images of Crumpler survive,[1] a Boston Globe article described her as "a very pleasant and intellectual woman and an indefatigable church worker. Crumpler was the first Black female physician in the United States. Crumpler was able to introduce her own text, and was also able to justify her work based on her own authority. She did not mention that medicine could be harmful, but stated the conventional amount of standard medicine usage. Crumpler, December 1870, Boston, Massachusetts, Arthur and Rebecca Crumpler]. Perhaps it was this early influence that fostered Crumpler’s desire to serve others. [13], In 1860, bearing letters of recommendation from her physician-employers, Crumpler was accepted into the elite West Newton English and Classical School in Massachusetts,[2][5][14] where she was a "special student in mathematics". After earning her degree in Boston, she spent time in Richmond, Virginia after the Civil War, caring for formerly enslaved people. She was born Rebecca Davis in Christiana, Delaware, in 1831. Gardner, Martha N. Midwife, Doctor, or Doctress? The school closed in 1873 due to financial issues. While the fact has been disputed, Dr. Crumpler’s contributions to medicine and her will to challenge racial and sexist barriers has solidified her rightful place in history. [2] After the end of the American Civil War (1861–1865), she moved to Richmond, Virginia, believing it to be an ideal way to provide missionary service, as well as to gain more experience learning about diseases that affected women and children. Pfatteicher, Sarah K. A. [4] In 1883, she published A Book of Medical Discourses. She married Arthur Crumpler who had served with the Union Army during the American Civil War. WHEREAS, in 1852, Dr. Crumpler moved to Massachusetts, where she worked as a nurse for the next eight years; and. Many of her patients were very poor people who would otherwise have had no access to medical care. Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988, Albert Lee, Massachusetts, Death Records, 1841-1915, Brian MacQuarrie, "Gravestone dedicated to the first Black female medical doctor in the US. She was raised in Pennsylvania by her aunt. Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler: Doctress of Medicine (Women Leaders in Medicine Series) by Sheryl Recinos Paperback $5.99 It features advice on treating illnesses in infants and young children and women of childbearing age. Understandably, people want to see a picture of this important historical figure, who lived from 1831 to 1895. The great need for medical providers encouraged other black people to join the medical profession. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first black woman in the US to obtain a medical degree. [1][2][7] She won a tuition award from the Wade Scholarship Fund, established by a bequest from local businessman John Wade of Woburn. First Black Female Physician in the United States", "Dr. Crumpler: Nation's first African American woman physician", "Boston's Oldest Pupil: He's 74, and He Goes to the Evening School", Boston African American National Historic Site, Massachusetts General Colored Association, Charles Street African Methodist Episcopal Church, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rebecca_Lee_Crumpler&oldid=1015305809, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 18:47. Her home on Joy Street is a stop on the Boston Women’s Heritage Trail. A passionate vocation to care for others and a desire to empower her patients drove Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831–95) to overcome 19th-century prejudice against her gender and ethnicity and qualify as “doctress of medicine” (the term she used), the first African American woman to do so. She was also the first Black woman to author a medical text, "A Book of Medical Discourses," which was published in 1883. The chapter also contained advice for both men and women on how to ensure a happy marriage. Boston African American National Historic Site, https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_73.html, https://archive.org/details/67521160R.nlm.nih.gov/page/n7/mode/2up, https://www.wgbh.org/news/2016/11/04/how-we-live/doctresses-medicine-worlds-1st-female-medical-school-was-established-boston, Crumpler's home in Beacon Hill is featured on the Boston Black Heritage Trail, part of the. [34] Arthur died in May 1910. Fairview Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 2009. [7][22] This was Wyatt’s second, and her first, marriage. [28] Their daughter Lizzie Sinclair Crumpler was born in mid-December 1870. Hit the link in our bio to help us celebrate! Dr. Lee Crumpler, née Rebecca Davis, was born on February 8, 1831, in Delaware to Absolum Davis and Matilda Webber. Rebecca Lee Crumpler, First Black Female Physician Black Leaders, Heroes & Trailblazers, Influential Women / By Kate Kelly • First African American woman to earn a medical degree at a time when advanced education for women was rare. The last quarter of the year 1866, I was enabled... to have access each day to a very large number of the indigent, and others of different classes, in a population of over 30,000 colored.". Except for one sister, he never found out the whereabouts of the people who purchased his family members. Happy Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler Day! Born in Delaware in 1831, she moved to Charlestown, Mass., in 1852, and after the Civil War, moved to Virginia to tend to former slaves who were refused treatment by white doctors. Col. Because medical practitioners focus more on their patients than any notoriety, historical figures in medicine are often rendered obscure. She was born in 1833 and raised by her aunt in Pennsylvania. Rebecca Davis Lee Crumpler, nee Davis, (February 8, 1831 – March 9, 1895) was the first African-American woman to become a physician in the United States. : The New England Female Medical College and Women's Place in Nineteenth-Century Medicine and Society. The Rebecca Lee Pre-Health Society at Syracuse University and the Rebecca Lee Society, one of the first medical societies for African-American women, were named after her. Rebecca Davis Lee Crumpler, MD, was the first African American female physician in the United States. American physician who was the first African American woman to earn a medical degree. Dr. Crumpler died on March 9, 1895 and is buried in Fairview Cemetery near her home in Boston’s Hyde Park neighborhood. They were married on April 19, 1852,. [7][c], Crumpler graduated from New England Female Medical College in 1864[11][d] after having completed three years of coursework, a thesis, and final oral examinations in February 1864. She primarily cared for poor African-American women and children. [5] Crumpler taught in Wilmington beginning in 1874 and in New Castle, Delaware beginning in 1876.[5]. Rebecca later … Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first black female physician in the United States. First African American woman to earn a medical degree. The granite stone was the result of a fundraising appeal spearheaded by Vicky Gall, a history buff and president of the Friends of the Hyde Park Library. 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